1. Chemical composition
Palladium hydroxide (Pd(OH)₂):

Chemical formula: Pd(OH)₂
is a hydroxide of palladium containing the elements palladium, oxygen and hydrogen.
Palladium Carbon (Pd/C):

Main components: palladium metal (Pd) and carbon material (usually activated carbon).
It is a composite material in which palladium is dispersed on the surface of the activated carbon in the form of nanoparticles, usually with a palladium loading of between 1% and 10%.
2. Structure and morphology
Palladium hydroxide:

Usually a black or brown solid, usually in powder form.
It can be obtained by chemical reaction and is commonly found in solution.
Palladium Carbon:

Usually black particles with a porous structure and good specific surface area.
Palladium particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of activated carbon to form a composite catalyst.
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3. Preparation method
Palladium hydroxide:

Obtained by reacting palladium salts (e.g. palladium chloride or palladium nitrate) with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
Palladium carbon:

Formed by combining palladium salts with activated carbon, usually in a reducing reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere to produce palladium nanoparticles.

4. Catalytic properties and applications
Palladium hydroxide:

Primarily used as a catalyst, especially as a source of hydrogen in hydrogenation reactions.
It can be used to catalyse oxidation and hydrogenation reactions, but is limited in catalytic activity and application flexibility compared to palladium carbon.
Palladium Carbon:

A widely used catalyst in organic synthesis, commonly used in hydrogenation reactions, coupling reactions (e.g. Suzuki reaction) and other organic chemical reactions.
Due to its large specific surface area and good catalytic activity, it is a commonly used catalyst in laboratory and industry.
5. Conditions of use and precautions
Palladium hydroxide:

Reaction with strong acids or strong oxidising agents should be avoided during handling and storage.
Under certain conditions it may turn into the metallic form of palladium.
Palladium Carbon:

Due to its surface activity, palladium carbon will adsorb reactants and by-products during use, which may result in reduced catalytic activity.
Handle with fire and safety in mind as mixtures of organic solvents and hydrogen may cause explosions.
6. Summary
Palladium hydroxide and palladium carbon have significant differences in composition, use and catalytic properties. Palladium hydroxide is mainly used for certain specific catalytic reactions, whereas palladium carbon is more widely used due to its good catalytic properties and wide range of applications. Choosing the right catalyst for the specific reaction needs can effectively improve the efficiency of the reaction and the adaptability of the conditions.